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vlp nanoparticles  (InvivoGen)


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    Structured Review

    InvivoGen vlp nanoparticles
    Key challenges for PRRS vaccines and some possible solutions.
    Vlp Nanoparticles, supplied by InvivoGen, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 21 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/vlp+nanoparticles/2'3'-cGAMP+Control/pmc11679953-59-12-20
    Average 94 stars, based on 21 article reviews
    vlp nanoparticles - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines"

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines

    Journal: Vaccines

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121387

    Key challenges for PRRS vaccines and some possible solutions.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Key challenges for PRRS vaccines and some possible solutions.

    Techniques Used: Vaccines, Virus, Modification, Sequencing, Adjuvant, Infection, Selection, Control, Injection, Activity Assay, Multiplex Assay

    Some explorations of improving PRRSV inactivated vaccine-induced immune efficacy.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Some explorations of improving PRRSV inactivated vaccine-induced immune efficacy.

    Techniques Used: Virus, Emulsion, Infection, Purification, Modification, Expressing, Activation Assay, Immunopeptidomics

    The studies of PRRSV subunit vaccines.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The studies of PRRSV subunit vaccines.

    Techniques Used: Vaccines, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, Virus, Modification, Adjuvant, Synthesized, Infection

    Related Articles

    Vaccines:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Virus:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Modification:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Sequencing:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Adjuvant:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Infection:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Selection:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Control:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Injection:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Multiplex Assay:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Emulsion:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Purification:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Immunopeptidomics:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Transformation Assay:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..

    Synthesized:

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines
    Article Snippet: GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles , 4~6 weeks , M. tuberculosis WCL , IN , Boosts IgG and IFN-γ production; a two-log reduction in the lung viral load; offers partial protection after challenge with heterologous virus. , [ ] .. N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .. GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ] .GP5 , pcDNA3.1/Hela cells , Entrapped in PLGA nanoparticles of modified GP5 (inserting a Pan DR T-helper cell epitope (PADRE) between the neutralizing epitope and the decoy epitope) , 3 weeks , Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) , Orally , Increased serum IgG levels and augmented intestinal IgA levels. , [ ]..



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    Key challenges for PRRS vaccines and some possible solutions.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121387

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Key challenges for PRRS vaccines and some possible solutions.

    Article Snippet: N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGradeTM (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .

    Techniques: Vaccines, Virus, Modification, Sequencing, Adjuvant, Infection, Selection, Control, Injection, Activity Assay, Multiplex Assay

    Some explorations of improving PRRSV inactivated vaccine-induced immune efficacy.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121387

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Some explorations of improving PRRSV inactivated vaccine-induced immune efficacy.

    Article Snippet: N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGradeTM (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .

    Techniques: Virus, Emulsion, Infection, Purification, Modification, Expressing, Activation Assay, Immunopeptidomics

    The studies of PRRSV subunit vaccines.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Current Status of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccines

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121387

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The studies of PRRSV subunit vaccines.

    Article Snippet: N, M, GP5 and E proteins , Baculovirus/Sf9 cells , Entrapped in VLP nanoparticles , 3 weeks , 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGradeTM (Invivogen, USA) , IN , Enhanced viremia associated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. , [ ] .

    Techniques: Vaccines, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, Virus, Modification, Adjuvant, Synthesized, Infection

    The landscape of next-generation influenza vaccines in clinical development, as of April 2024. Each box represents a unique vaccine candidate or group of candidates, associated with their respective developer(s), and includes key characteristics about the candidate, such as indication, route of delivery, high-risk populations tested and antigens included/targeted. Abbreviations: bIRV = bivalent influenza modRNA vaccine; BPL = beta-propriolactone; CIVICs = Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers; HA = haemagglutinin; IIV = inactivated influenza virus vaccine; LAIV = live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine; LNP = lipid nanoparticle; mIRV = monovalent influenza modRNA vaccine; NA = neuraminidase; NIAID = National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases; qIRV = quadrivalent influenza modRNA vaccine; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus; UFV = universal influenza vaccine; VRC = Vaccine Research Center.

    Journal: Vaccine

    Article Title: Advancing influenza vaccines: A review of next-generation candidates and their potential for global health impact

    doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126408

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The landscape of next-generation influenza vaccines in clinical development, as of April 2024. Each box represents a unique vaccine candidate or group of candidates, associated with their respective developer(s), and includes key characteristics about the candidate, such as indication, route of delivery, high-risk populations tested and antigens included/targeted. Abbreviations: bIRV = bivalent influenza modRNA vaccine; BPL = beta-propriolactone; CIVICs = Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers; HA = haemagglutinin; IIV = inactivated influenza virus vaccine; LAIV = live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine; LNP = lipid nanoparticle; mIRV = monovalent influenza modRNA vaccine; NA = neuraminidase; NIAID = National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases; qIRV = quadrivalent influenza modRNA vaccine; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus; UFV = universal influenza vaccine; VRC = Vaccine Research Center.

    Article Snippet: Influenza virus-based vaccines from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and GSK, Codagenix, and FluGen target both HA and NA in their candidates, whereas vaccine candidates from NIAID, University of Washington, Emergent BioSolutions using the non-VLP nanoparticles platform and mRNA and recombinant protein candidates from NIAID and Duke CIVICs Vaccine Center and Janssen Vaccines and Prevention and J&J, target HA, including its stem region. ( and Supplemental Table 2).

    Techniques: Vaccines, Virus

    Potential protein subunit-based vaccine candidates for COVID-19 in the clinical development pipeline

    Journal: Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

    Article Title: Inside the story about the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines

    doi: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Potential protein subunit-based vaccine candidates for COVID-19 in the clinical development pipeline

    Article Snippet: The immunogenic composition composed of MERS-CoV nanoparticle VLPs containing at least one trimer of S protein formed by baculovirus overexpression in Sf9 cells was disclosed in patent application WO2015042373 by Novavax in 2015 [ ].

    Techniques: Immunopeptidomics, Adjuvant, Recombinant, Vaccines, Bioprocessing, Injection, Plasmid Preparation, Infection

    Latest ongoing clinical trials of different vaccines

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    Article Title: The COVID-19 puzzle: a global nightmare

    doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01224-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Latest ongoing clinical trials of different vaccines

    Article Snippet: VLP Recombinant Subunit, Full length S trimer/nanoparticle + Matrix M (NVX-CoV2373)/RSV, CCHF, HPV, VZV, EBOV , Novavax|Emergent BioSolutions , Phase I , NCT04368988 , The trials on animal models suggested that this vaccine prevents the attachment of S protein to receptor of host cells as well as destroys the viral wild-type antibodies , WHO ( ); Novavax covid 19 vaccine trial 2020; Anon ( ); Anon ( ) .

    Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Modification, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Immunopeptidomics, Virus, Recombinant, Functional Assay